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- <text id=90TT1912>
- <link 91TT0654>
- <title>
- July 23, 1990: Soviet Union:Flanked By Trouble
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 23, 1990 The Palestinians
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 30
- SOVIET UNION
- Flanked by Trouble
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Gorbachev defeats a rival from the right--but on the left,
- Yeltsin's bolt from the Communist Party threatens to create a
- separate power center
- </p>
- <p>By John Kohan/Moscow--Reported by James Carney/Moscow and Paul
- Hofheinz/Donetsk
- </p>
- <p> Boris Yeltsin has an exquisite sense of timing. Just when
- Mikhail Gorbachev had soundly defeated hard-line rival Yegor
- Ligachev and secured his control over the divided Communist
- Party, Yeltsin threw down an even greater challenge. He quit
- the party, threatening to wrest the embattled reform movement
- from Gorbachev's hands and turn the party into a sideshow.
- </p>
- <p> For the five years Gorbachev has been in power, his every
- move has been dogged by these two men, shadow members of a
- strange political troika. Ligachev was the archconservative,
- unwilling to sacrifice ideological certainties for the risks
- of change; Boris Yeltsin, the maverick populist, wanting to go
- further, faster in forcing the pace of reform. At times the two
- have seemed like Gorbachev's alter egos, the right and left
- boundary markers on his political horizon. But mostly they have
- been his rivals, vying to force him off the careful centrist
- course he has charted for himself.
- </p>
- <p> Last week, as Gorbachev struggled to bring the party whole
- and united out of the 28th Congress, the two men figured in one
- of his most remarkable triumphs--and abrupt setbacks. After
- 10 days of harsh attack, he put down the right-wing revolt with
- a display of personal authority so convincing that his victory
- might justly have been dubbed "Ligachev's last stand." It was
- then, from his left flank, that Yeltsin pounced. When the
- chairman of the Russian parliament announced he was pulling out
- of the party, he paved the way in effect for a potentially
- dangerous split in the 18 million-member body.
- </p>
- <p> Yeltsin's move was not unexpected, but it still caused a
- sensation. With his huge popular following, he could spark a
- wave of defections. More important, he appears to have
- established himself as the leader most in sync with the public
- appetite for rapid change. As head of the Russian republic,
- which covers 76% of the U.S.S.R.'s landmass and is home to 147
- million of its 289 million people, he holds a strong power base
- where he is now free to try his own more radical brand of
- reform. Even if the party does not split formally, Gorbachev
- could be left trying to implement perestroika through a rump
- dominated by moderates unable to keep pace with leftists
- outside the party.
- </p>
- <p> Ligachev was the first to make his move. The blistering
- attacks against Kremlin policies in the opening days of the
- Congress left no doubt that conservatives were intent on
- forcing the party to the right--and the party leader with it.
- Wielding his muscle, Gorbachev handily kept the job of General
- Secretary. The right wing decided instead to wage war for the
- key post of deputy, who would supervise day-to-day party
- business. Whoever controlled that job would in effect control
- the party.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev threw his support behind Politburo member Vladimir
- Ivashko, 58, a tough-talking moderate from the Ukraine,
- committed to the Soviet leader's kind of reform. Without
- rejecting Ligachev by name, Gorbachev pointedly reminded the
- delegates that it was important that the two people at the top
- of the party are "close in their views." Ivashko won 3,109
- votes, Ligachev 776, a showing so poor that when he was later
- asked about his chances of being on the new Politburo, he
- candidly replied, "There is no need for me to be."
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev did not have long to savor the triumph. As the
- Congress began discussing candidates for the new Central
- Committee, Yeltsin signaled that he wanted to speak. "I am
- announcing my resignation from the Soviet Communist Party," he
- said. "In view of my great responsibilities toward the people
- of Russia, I cannot fulfill only the instructions of the
- Communist Party." Yeltsin explained, "As the highest elected
- figure in the republic, I have to bow to the will of all the
- people."
- </p>
- <p> Amid cries of "Shame! Shame!"--and scattered applause--Yeltsin turned on his heel, marched down the aisle and out the
- doors. Gorbachev managed to respond, with a wry smile, "That
- ends the process logically."
- </p>
- <p> It was, in fact, only the beginning. Barely an hour after
- Yeltsin departed, Vyacheslav Shostakovsky, a leader of the
- radical Democratic Platform group, took the Russian leader's
- declaration one step further. Although faction delegates had
- come to the Congress hoping for "resolute change," said
- Shostakovsky, the decisions taken there had convinced them that
- no real democratic renewal was possible. With that, Shostakovsky
- described his group's plans to set up an independent party.
- Next day the reform-minded mayors of Moscow and Leningrad,
- Gavril Popov and Anatoli Sobchak, resigned as well.
- </p>
- <p> Suddenly, Gorbachev's strategy of cobbling together a
- middle-of-the-road party, with a less centralized and more
- democratic organization, seemed in danger of unraveling. As
- President, he has successfully freed himself from much of the
- party's oversight and diluted the Moscow power base of the new
- 24-member Politburo by dropping several key government
- officials and bringing in the party heads of the 15 republics.
- But if there was to be no solid left flank, Gorbachev's
- revitalized party would be about as airworthy as a bird with one
- wing.
- </p>
- <p> It was apparent from Yeltsin's statements last week that he
- ruled himself out as a new party leader. He seemed more
- interested in playing the role of a nonpartisan referee who has
- withdrawn from the political fray to concentrate on furthering
- reform. Even if Yeltsin's decision does inspire like-minded
- liberals to turn in their party cards, they may also choose not
- to align themselves with any other political movement.
- </p>
- <p> If a true parliamentary democracy is to develop in the
- Soviet Union, the best interim solution might be the creation
- of a "nonparty" system, with the Communists joining other
- groups in a national coalition to promote reform. Yeltsin has
- clearly been faster out of the starting block than Gorbachev
- to embrace this idea. Given the size and economic clout of the
- Russian republic, a nonpartisan Yeltsin might set up a rival
- power center in Moscow that could turn the national party
- apparatus--to say nothing of the federal government--into
- a Soviet Vatican City, its power and influence bounded by the
- Kremlin walls.
- </p>
- <p> In contrast, Gorbachev has staked his future on keeping a
- foothold in both the national presidency and the party
- leadership. He believes that the party, whatever its internal
- divisions, still has the most effective organizational
- structure for promoting reform.
- </p>
- <p> The key question Gorbachev must answer is whether the party
- has not fallen so far behind the dramatic changes taking place
- that it has already become largely irrelevant. Tens of
- thousands of coal miners staged a one-day political strike,
- calling for, among other things, the resignation of the
- government, the nationalization of $12 billion worth of
- property belonging to the party, and the dissolution of local
- party cells. Gorbachev dismissed the demands with the brisk
- comment that "there was no general strike." Maybe not, but the
- party can hardly afford to ignore the miners and millions of
- other Soviets who share their thirst for change more rapid and
- sweeping than the party proposes.
- </p>
- <p> And what about President Gorbachev? For the moment, many of
- the coal miners still have grudging respect for the initiator
- of perestroika, but their patience is wearing thin. "Gorbachev
- can stay a while longer," said striking coal miner Yuri
- Boldyrev, "but we need a government of national agreement, a
- government people are going to trust." He no doubt meant a
- government not under the control of the Communist Party--a
- government led, perhaps, by someone like Boris Yeltsin.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-